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March 24(Reuters) – Bed nets treated with a new kind of insecticide cut malaria cases in children by almost half in a large trial in Tanzania, according to a study in The Lancet, raising hopes of a new weapon in the fight against the age-old killer.
Bed nets have been instrumental to the vast progress the world has made in recent decades against malaria, with millions of lives saved. But progress has stalled in the last few years, in part because the mosquitoes which spread the infection have increasingly developed resistance to the insecticide used in existing nets.
In 2020, 627,000 people died of malaria, mainly children in sub-Saharan Africa.
Now, researchers at the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine in the UK (LSHTM), the National Institute for Medical Research and Kilimanjaro Christian Medical University College in Tanzania, and the University of Ottawa in Canada have shown that a new insecticide — the first in 40 years — is both safe and effective in a real-world randomized trial.
The nets, treated with chlorfenapyr as well as pyrethroid, the usual chemical used, reduced malaria prevalence when compared with the existing nets by 43% in the first year and 37% in the second year of the trial.
The study involved more than 39,000 households and followed over 4,500 children aged 6 months to 14 years old. The nets, developed by BASF (BASFn.DE) in Germany and LSHTM, are marginally more expensive than the current nets, at around $3 per item, but the researchers said the savings in preventing cases outweighed the initial increased outlay.
Chlorfenapyr works differently than pyrethroid, effectively grounding the mosquitoes by causing wing cramps and making them unable to fly, and therefore bite, spreading the infection. The chemical was first proposed for use against malaria 20 years ago, and has been used for pest control since the 1990s.
The World Health Organization has already pre-qualified the use of the new nets, but the trial, funded by the British government and the Wellcome Trust, could lead to more widespread recommendations for their use.
"This is the first evidence in real-life conditions," Dr Jacklin Mosha, the study's lead author from the National Institute for Medical Research, Tanzania, told Reuters.
Alongside progress on a malaria vaccine, which was approved by the World Health Organization last year, the team said the net could be another tool in the malaria toolbox. read more
However, they warned that it is important to ensure that mosquitoes do not also quickly develop resistance to chlorfenapyr, if used widely.
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Jen reports on health issues affecting people around the world, from malaria to malnutrition. Part of the Health & Pharma team, recent notable pieces include an investigation into healthcare for young transgender people in the UK as well as stories on the rise in measles after COVID hit routine vaccination, as well as efforts to prevent the next pandemic. She previously worked at the Telegraph newspaper and Channel 4 News in the UK, as well as freelance in Myanmar and the Czech Republic.
Indonesia has lowered its value-add tax on battery-based electric vehicle sales to 1% from 11% to encourage the adoption of EVs, a government ministry said on Monday, amid efforts to attract investment into domestic production,
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